埃塞俄比亞阿達(dá)瑪工業(yè)園區(qū)項(xiàng)目電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的研究與應(yīng)用

安科瑞 陳聰

Application of Power Monitoring System in Adama Industrial Park, Ethiopia

摘要：介紹阿達(dá)瑪工業(yè)園區(qū)項(xiàng)目，采用智能電力儀表、采集配電現(xiàn)場的各種電參量和開關(guān)信號(hào)。系統(tǒng)采用現(xiàn)場就地組網(wǎng)的方式，組網(wǎng)后通過現(xiàn)場總線通訊并遠(yuǎn)傳至后臺(tái)，通過Acrel-2000型電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)配電室配電回路用電的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控和管理。

Abstract: Introduce the project of Adama industrial park, Ethiopia, which uses intelligent power meters to collect various electrical parameters and switch signals at the distribution site. The system adopts the method of on-site networking. After networking, it communicates via fieldbus and transmits it to the background. The Acrel-2000 power monitoring system realizes real-time monitoring and management of power distribution circuit power in the distribution room.

關(guān)鍵詞：智能電力儀表;Acrel-2000;電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng);

Keywords: intelligent power meter; Acrel-2000; power monitoring system

0 需求分析Demand analysis

為保證生產(chǎn)管理用電負(fù)荷的統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析及對(duì)危險(xiǎn)源實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控。需要對(duì)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)場的配電室中進(jìn)線及出線回路進(jìn)行電壓、電流、功率等參數(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)在線監(jiān)控。一旦監(jiān)控點(diǎn)被監(jiān)視參數(shù)異常，能夠及時(shí)檢測報(bào)警，有關(guān)人員采取必要的措施，避免安全事故的發(fā)生。自動(dòng)抄表功能節(jié)省了人力物力，功率趨勢曲線功能能夠直觀的顯示各回路的工作狀態(tài)與時(shí)間，方便用戶找出非正常用電回路并且及時(shí)進(jìn)行整改，建立電能多級(jí)計(jì)量體系提供用能分析依據(jù)。

To ensure the statistics and analysis of electricity load for production management and real-time monitoring of hazard sources. Real-time online monitoring of parameters such as voltage, current, and power in the incoming and outgoing circuits of the power distribution room at the project site is required. Once the monitoring point is monitored with abnormal parameters, it can detect and alarm in time, and 

relevant personnel can take necessary measures to avoid safety accidents. The automatic meter reading function saves manpower and material resources. The power trend curve function can intuitively display the working status and time of each circuit, which is convenient for users to find abnormal power circuits and make corrections in time, and establish a multi-level electrical energy measurement system to provide energy analysis basis .

數(shù)據(jù)采集data collection

自動(dòng)采集現(xiàn)場所有電量儀表的模擬量數(shù)據(jù)，自動(dòng)采集現(xiàn)場開關(guān)狀態(tài)以及故障狀態(tài)等開關(guān)量數(shù)據(jù)。

Automatically collect analog data of all power meters on site, and automatically collect on-site switching data such as on-site switch status and fault status.

支持實(shí)時(shí)采集、自動(dòng)周期采集（定時(shí)采集）可配置周期（1分鐘～24小時(shí)）。

Support real-time collection, automatic

periodic collection (timing collection) configurable cycle (1 minute to 24 hours).

支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)傳輸正確性檢驗(yàn)，異常數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)處理。

Support data transmission correctness inspection, automatic processing of abnormal data.

支持多線程處理機(jī)制，提高數(shù)據(jù)采集效率，能同時(shí)對(duì)多個(gè)設(shè)備進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集。

Support multi-threaded processing mechanism, improve the efficiency of data collection, and can collect data from multiple devices at the same time.

數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)顯示采用配電箱主接線圖直觀顯示模式，各回路開關(guān)斷合以及故障狀態(tài)直觀可見。

The real-time data display adopts the intuitive display mode of the main wiring diagram of the distribution box, and the disconnection and fault status of each circuit switch are intuitively visible.

 數(shù)據(jù)分析與處理Data analysis and processing

數(shù)據(jù)的綜合統(tǒng)計(jì)、分析需要實(shí)現(xiàn)以下功能：

Comprehensive statistics and analysis of data need to achieve the following functions:

各設(shè)備用電數(shù)據(jù)小時(shí)、日、月、年等時(shí)間段內(nèi)的統(tǒng)計(jì)、計(jì)算。

Statistics and calculation of the electricity consumption data of each equipment in hours, days, months, years and other time periods.

各設(shè)備的用電負(fù)荷（有功、無功）大、小、平均值計(jì)算。

Calculate the large, small and average value of the electrical load (active power, reactive power) of each device.

統(tǒng)計(jì)各分站及整體的用電量（有功、無功）。

Count the power consumption (active power and reactive power) of each substation and the whole.

數(shù)據(jù)查詢與展示Data query and display

要求能方便實(shí)現(xiàn)客戶端查詢和各級(jí)管理人員的查

詢，查詢界面能適應(yīng)各級(jí)管理人員的要求能夠支持靈活的條件組合查詢和對(duì)比分析，各類統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的數(shù)據(jù)可靈活采用報(bào)表等多種圖表方式直觀的展示功能。

It is required to facilitate the realization of client query and query of managers at all levels. The query interface can adapt to the requirements of managers at all levels. It can support flexible condition combination query and comparative analysis. Various types of statistical analysis data can be flexibly used in reports and other charts. Intuitive display function.

數(shù)據(jù)展示功能按照不同用戶的不同的權(quán)限，分為操作層、管理層、決策層三層用能展示。

According to the different permissions of different users, the data display function is divided into three layers: operation layer, management layer, and decision-making layer.

操作層具備用能分析、累計(jì)用量、實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測、運(yùn)行記錄及比例、對(duì)比、對(duì)標(biāo)分析等功能。

The operation layer has functions such as energy consumption analysis, cumulative consumption, real-time monitoring, running records and ratios, comparison, and benchmarking analysis.

管理層具備用能數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析、分類分項(xiàng)的對(duì)比、對(duì)標(biāo)分析等功能。

The management has functions such as statistics and analysis of energy consumption data, comparison of classification and sub-items, and benchmarking analysis.

決策層具備用能數(shù)據(jù)分析、數(shù)據(jù)刪除、數(shù)據(jù)庫導(dǎo)入/導(dǎo)出等功能。

The decision-making layer has functions such as energy data analysis, data deletion, and database import/export.

權(quán)限管理authority management

要求對(duì)不同用戶賦予不同角色的權(quán)限，能授權(quán)到功能子菜單、具體檔案記錄、數(shù)據(jù)記錄等。

It is required to assign different roles to 

different users, and be able to authorize function sub-menus, specific file records, data records, etc.

系統(tǒng)要求具備合理完善的用戶安全控制機(jī)制，能使應(yīng)用環(huán)境中的信息資源得到保護(hù)，防止信息的丟失、失竊和破壞。

The system requires a reasonable and complete user security control mechanism to protect the information resources in the application environment and prevent the loss, theft and destruction of information.

節(jié)能改造及效果評(píng)估

Energy-saving renovation and effect evaluation

要求為生產(chǎn)節(jié)能改造提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐，并能提供節(jié)能改造前后的效果評(píng)估。

It is required to provide data support for the energy-saving transformation of production, and can provide the effect evaluation before and after the energy-saving transformation.

參數(shù)設(shè)置parameter settings

可通過采集柜設(shè)置各回路互感器變比，各種電流電壓保護(hù)整定值。

The transformer ratio of each loop and the setting value of various current and voltage protection can be set through the acquisition cabinet.

故障判斷與報(bào)警具有故障自動(dòng)判斷并采用聲光方式報(bào)警功能。報(bào)警類型包括開關(guān)故障，電壓、電流超限，現(xiàn)場采集模塊通訊故障，與監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)通訊故障等。報(bào)警時(shí)間自動(dòng)記入系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫，方便用戶查詢，工作人員可隨時(shí)掌握變配電站實(shí)時(shí)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，發(fā)現(xiàn)變配電運(yùn)行故障并作出相應(yīng)處理，提高變配電的管理效率，提升電力系統(tǒng)安全性、可靠性。

Fault judgment and alarm have automatic fault judgment and use sound and light alarm function. Alarm types include switch failures, voltage and current overruns, communication failures of the field acquisition module, and communication failures with the monitoring system. The alarm 

time is automatically recorded in the system database, which is convenient for users to inquire. The staff can grasp the real-time operation status of the substation at any time, find the operation failure of the substation and distribution, and make corresponding treatments, improve the management efficiency of the substation and distribution, and enhance the safety of the power system. reliability.

2  系統(tǒng)方案System solutions

安科瑞Acrel-2000系統(tǒng)根據(jù)阿達(dá)瑪現(xiàn)場實(shí)際情況，整體網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)采用屏蔽雙絞線直接接至數(shù)據(jù)采集器然后通過網(wǎng)線直接接至配電室的監(jiān)控主機(jī)，保障了電力監(jiān)控監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)傳輸?shù)姆€(wěn)定性與實(shí)時(shí)性。

According to the actual situation of Adama industrial park, the overall network structure of Acrel-2000 system adopts shielded twisted pair to directly connect to the data collector and then directly connect to the monitoring host in the power distribution room through the network cable, ensuring the transmission of the power monitoring and monitoring system. The stability and real-time performance.

1）站控管理層Station control management

站控管理層針對(duì)電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的管理人員，是人機(jī)交互的直接窗口。在阿達(dá)瑪中主要指置于地下一層配電室的監(jiān)控主機(jī)。

The station control management layer is the direct window of human-computer interaction for the management personnel of the power monitoring system. In the Adama Project, it mainly refers to the monitoring host placed in the power distribution room on the first underground floor.

2）網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊層Network communication layer

 通訊層主要是由采集器、以太網(wǎng)設(shè)備及總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)組成。串口服務(wù)器主要功能是監(jiān)測現(xiàn)場智能儀表；以太網(wǎng)設(shè)備及總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主要功能是實(shí)現(xiàn)分站與主站之間的數(shù)據(jù)交互，使配電系統(tǒng)管理集中化、信息化、

智能化，提高了配電系統(tǒng)的安全性、可靠性和穩(wěn)定性，達(dá)到了無人值守的目的。

The communication layer is mainly composed of collectors, Ethernet devices and bus networks. The main function of the serial server is to monitor on-site intelligent instruments; the main function of Ethernet equipment and bus network is to realize the data interaction between the substation and the main station, so that the management of the power distribution system is centralized, informatized, and intelligent, and the power distribution is improved. The safety, reliability and stability of the system have achieved the goal of unattended operation.

3）現(xiàn)場設(shè)備層Field device layer

現(xiàn)場設(shè)備層是數(shù)據(jù)采集終端，主要由智能儀表組成，智能儀表通過屏蔽雙絞線RS485接口，采用MODBUS通訊協(xié)議總線型連接接入通訊服務(wù)器，經(jīng)通訊服務(wù)器到達(dá)該配電間監(jiān)控主機(jī)進(jìn)行組網(wǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程控制。

The field equipment layer is the data acquisition terminal, which is mainly composed of smart meters. The smart meters are connected to the communication server through the shielded twisted pair RS485 interface and the MODBUS communication protocol bus connection. The communication server reaches the monitoring host of the power distribution room for networking. Realize remote control.

系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖System structure diagram

3  系統(tǒng)功能System functions

變電所實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)圖為主監(jiān)控畫面，主要實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測變電所所有回路的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，紅色代表合閘，綠色代表分閘。在系統(tǒng)圖中可以直觀的看到每路進(jìn)線和出線的運(yùn)行參數(shù)和狀態(tài)，可以看到變壓器出線側(cè)的所有常規(guī)電力參數(shù)，如：三相電壓、電流、有功功率、無功功率、功率因數(shù)、頻率、有功電度等。如下圖所：

The real-time monitoring system diagram of the substation is the main monitoring screen, which mainly monitors the operating status of all circuits in the substation in real time. Red represents closing and green represents opening. In the system diagram, you can intuitively see the operating parameters and status of each incoming and outgoing line, and you can see all the conventional power parameters on the outgoing side of the transformer, such as: three-phase voltage, current, active power, reactive power, and power factor , Frequency, active power, etc. As shown in the figure below:

一次系統(tǒng)圖 primary system diagram

遙信和遙測報(bào)警功能，主要完成對(duì)低壓各出線回路的開關(guān)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和負(fù)載進(jìn)線監(jiān)控，對(duì)開關(guān)變位和負(fù)載越限彈出報(bào)警界面指示具體的報(bào)警位置并聲音報(bào)警，提醒值班人員及時(shí)處理。負(fù)載越限值在相應(yīng)權(quán)限下可自由設(shè)置。       

The remote signaling and remote measurement alarm functions mainly complete the monitoring of the switch operation status of the low-voltage outlet circuits and the load incoming line. The pop-up alarm interface for switch displacement 

and load limit violations indicates the specific alarm location and sounds the alarm to remind the duty personnel to deal with it in time. The load limit can be set freely under the corresponding authority.

事件告警記錄功能，主要完成對(duì)查詢時(shí)間段內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的報(bào)警信息事件記錄以及發(fā)生時(shí)間，為值班人員提供依據(jù)并且分析事故發(fā)生的原因，如下圖所示：

The event alarm record function mainly completes the record of the alarm information and the occurrence time of the alarm information that occurred during the query time period, and provides the basis for the staff on duty and analyzes the cause of the accident, as shown in the following figure:

報(bào)警功能實(shí)時(shí)查詢 Alarm function real-time query

參數(shù)抄表功能，主要對(duì)低壓各出線回路的電參數(shù)進(jìn)線查詢。支持任意時(shí)刻電參數(shù)查詢，具備數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出和報(bào)表打印等功能。該報(bào)表查詢阿達(dá)瑪配電室進(jìn)出線各低壓回路的電參數(shù)，主要包括：三相電流、有功功率和有功電度。該報(bào)表各回路名稱和數(shù)據(jù)庫關(guān)聯(lián)，方便用戶修改回路名稱。如下圖所示:

Parameter meter reading function, mainly to query the electrical parameters of the low-voltage outgoing circuit. Supports electrical parameter query at any time, with functions such as data export and report printing. This report queries the electrical parameters of the low-voltage circuits of the incoming and outgoing lines of the Adama power distribution room, mainly including: three-phase current, 

active power and active power. The name of each circuit in this report is associated with the database, which is convenient for users to modify the name of the circuit. As shown below:

電參數(shù)抄表Parameter meter reading

用電量報(bào)表功能，可選擇時(shí)間段進(jìn)行查詢，支持任意時(shí)間段電度累計(jì)查詢，具備數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出和報(bào)表打印等功能。為值班人員提供了準(zhǔn)確可靠的電能報(bào)表。該報(bào)表各回路名稱和數(shù)據(jù)庫關(guān)聯(lián)，方便用戶修改回路名稱。如下圖所示，用戶可以直接打印報(bào)表，可以以EXCEL格式另存到其他位置。 如下圖所示：

The power consumption report function can select the time period for query, supports the cumulative query of the power consumption at any time period, and has the functions of data export and report printing. Provide accurate and reliable electric energy report for the staff on duty. The name of each circuit in this report is associated with the database, which is convenient for users to modify the name of the circuit. As shown in the figure below, the user can print the report directly, and save it to another location in EXCEL format. As shown below:

電能報(bào)表 Energy report

系統(tǒng)通訊結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖，主要顯示系統(tǒng)的組網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，

系統(tǒng)采用分層分布式結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)監(jiān)測間隔層設(shè)備的通信狀態(tài)。紅色表示通訊正常，綠色表示通訊故障。下圖為變電所通訊狀態(tài)示意圖。

A schematic diagram of the system communication structure, which mainly shows the network structure of the system. The system adopts a hierarchical distributed structure and monitors the communication status of the bay layer equipment at the same time. Red indicates that the communication is normal, and green indicates that the communication is faulty. The figure below is a schematic diagram of the communication status of the substation.

通訊結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖Communication structure diagram

4  結(jié)束語 Conclusion

在當(dāng)今配電設(shè)施的應(yīng)用中，項(xiàng)目的配電安全性至關(guān)重要，本文介紹的Acrel-2000電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)在阿達(dá)碼的應(yīng)用，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)配電室供配電回路用電的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控，不僅能顯示回路用電狀況，還具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊功能，可以與串口服務(wù)器、計(jì)算機(jī)等組成電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)采集數(shù)據(jù)的分析、處理，實(shí)時(shí)顯示配電室內(nèi)各配電回路的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，對(duì)負(fù)載越限具有彈出報(bào)警對(duì)話框、語音提示，并生成各種電能報(bào)表、分析曲線、圖形等，便于電能的遠(yuǎn)程抄表以及分析、研究，該系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行安全、可靠、穩(wěn)定，為該項(xiàng)目解決用電問題提供了真實(shí)可靠的依據(jù)，取得了較好的效益。

In the application of today’s power distribution facilities, the safety of the project’s power distribution is very important. The application of the Acrel-2000 power monitoring system in the Adama described in this 

article can realize the real-time power consumption of the power supply and distribution circuit in the power distribution room. Monitoring, not only can display the power status of the loop, but also has a network communication function, which can form a power monitoring system with a serial server, a computer, etc. The system realizes the analysis and processing of the collected data, real-time display of the operation status of the distribution circuits in the distribution room, pop-up alarm dialogs, voice prompts for load exceeding limit, and generates various electric energy reports, analysis curves, graphics, etc., which is convenient The remote meter reading, analysis and research of electric energy show that the system is safe, reliable and stable, providing a true and reliable basis for the project to solve the electricity problem, and has achieved good benefits.

參考文獻(xiàn) Bibliography

1.Solutions For Enterprise Micro-grid System 2020.02